Resumo A esporulação de Didymella bryoniae in vitro é de grande importância para estudos que requerem inóculo puro e em grandes quantidades. Assim, os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar a melhor condição para esporulação de D. bryoniae combinando diferentes espectros de luz (luz UV-A ou UV-B, luz branca e escuro contínuo) com distintos meios de cultura (PDA, V8, ML e PDAB) e, avaliar a sobrevivência do fungo armazenado a -20°C ao longo do tempo. As amostras de fungo só esporularam quando submetidas ao tratamento com luz UV-B, independentemente do meio de cultura. Maior aparecimento de esporos do tipo conídio foi observado no meio PDAB, e a menor produção ocorreu no meio ML. Estruturas reprodutivas, como peritécios e picnídeos, foram observadas em todos os meios de cultura. No entanto, houve uma variação considerável na quantidade de cada estrutura entre os diferentes meios de cultura. Os meios ML e V8 apresentaram maior número de peritécios e os meios PDA e PDAB apresentaram maior proporção de picnídeos em relação aos peritécios. A duração do armazenamento a -20°C não afetou o crescimento micelial ou a taxa de crescimento micelial. Em conclusão, a luz UV-B é essencial para a esporulação de D. bryoniae in vitro. Além disso, a composição do meio de cultura influencia o tipo de estrutura fúngica produzida, bem como o tamanho e a quantidade dos esporos. O congelamento a -20°C é uma técnica eficiente que pode ser usada para armazenar D. bryoniae por pelo menos cinco meses sem perda de viabilidade

Abstract The in vitro sporulation of Didymella bryoniae is of great importance for studies that require pure inoculum and in large quantities. Thus, the objectives of this study were to identify the best condition for D. bryoniae sporulation combining different light spectra (UV-A or UV-B light, white light, and continuous dark), with distinct culture media (PDA, V8, ML, and PDAB) and, to evaluate fungus’ survivability stored at -20°C over time. The fungus samples were only able to sporulate when subjected to the UV-B light treatment, regardless of the culture medium. The highest appearance of spores conidium type was observed in the PDAB medium, and the lowest production occurred in the ML medium. Reproductive structures, such as perithecia and pycnidia, were observed in all culture media. However, there was considerable variation in the amount of each structure between the different culture media. The ML and V8 media showed a greater number of perithecia and the PDA and PDAB media presented a greater proportion of pycnidia compared to perithecia. The storage duration at -20°C did not affect mycelial growth or mycelial growth rate. In conclusion, the UV-B light is essential for D. bryoniae in vitro sporulation. Moreover, the culture medium composition influences the type of fungal structure produced, as well as spores’ size and quantity. Freezing at -20°C is an efficient technique that can be used to store D. bryoniae for at least five months without loss of viability.

RESUMO. Simetrias de escala surgem em diferentes ramos da física e abordagens baseadas em simetria são poderosas ferramentas para estudar modelos invariantes por escala, pois podem fornecer leis de conservação que não são óbvias por inspeção. Nessa perspectiva, a classe de equações dispersivas não-lineares com coeficientes variáveis vc K ( m , n ), que contém importantes equações de evolução que modelam fenômenos não-lineares, é considerada. Para algumas de suas subclasses invariantes por simetria de escala, estudamos sua auto-adjunticidade não-linear e construímos oito novas leis de conservação locais associadas a simetrias de escala, usando um teorema geral sobre leis de conservação e o método direto. A propriedade de invariância de escala dessas equações levou a cinco leis de conservação com uma interpretação física direta: energia, centro de massa e massa são as quantidades obtidas em alguns casos.

Abstract: Scaling symmetries arise in different branches of physics, and symmetry-based approaches are powerful tools for studying scaling-invariant models since they can provide conservation laws that are not obvious by inspection. In this framework, the class of variable-coefficients nonlinear dispersive equations vc K ( m , n ), which contains several important evolution equations modeling nonlinear phenomena, is considered. For some of its scaling-invariant subclasses, we study its nonlinear self-adjointness and construct eight new local conservation laws associated with scaling symmetries by using a general theorem on conservation laws and the multipliers method. The property of scale invariance of those equations led to five conservation laws with a direct physical interpretation: energy, center of mass, and mass are the conserved quantities obtained in some cases.

Resumo O uso de consolos de concreto é prática comum na ligação entre vigas e pilares, porém um entrave à sua utilização é a logística de concretagem quando os consolos de um pilar apresentam direcionamentos em diferentes planos. Surge, então, a necessidade de se realizar a concretagem do consolo e do pilar em etapas distintas, o que exige alguns cuidados com a interface e alguma solução para que exista continuidade entre as armaduras. Este trabalho faz análises experimentais, normativas e computacionais de cinco modelos de consolos, sendo um monolítico e quatro concretados em etapa distinta do pilar. Nos resultados são apresentados e discutidos os mecanismos de ruptura, as aberturas de junta, bem como a precisão das previsões analíticas e do modelo computacional. Ao final do trabalho se observou que os consolos com tirante dobrado apresentaram as maiores aberturas de junta, e que o modelo computacional representou melhor a resistência da biela comprimida do consolo monolítico que os modelos normativos.

Abstract The design of a precast structural system requires joints between the structural elements, and concrete corbels are commonly used in the connection between beams and columns. Concrete corbels create an obstacle in the optimization of precast production, mainly of columns that have two or more concrete corbels in different faces. In these cases, the concrete corbels need to be manufactures in a different stage from the column, which requires attention to the interface between column and corbel, and some solution to ensure the continuity of the main tie reinforcement. For this paper, tests were conducted along with analytical and computational modeling of five concrete corbels models: one monolithic model and four where the corbels are manufactured in a different stage from the column. Results show the failure mode, the interface gap opening and the accuracy of the analytical and computational predictions. It was observed that the concrete corbels with bent main tie reinforcement displayed the largest gap-opening at the interface and that the computational modeling represented the strength of the monolithic concrete corbel better than the design code models.

Introduction: Ascitis and undernutrition are frequent complications of cirrhosis, however ascitis volume and anthropometric assessment are not routinely documented or considered in prognostic evaluation. In a homogeneous cohort followed during two years these variables were scrutinized, aiming to ascertain relevance for longterm outcome. Methods: Population (N = 25, all males with alcoholic cirrhosis) was recruited among patients hospitalized for uncomplicated ascitis. Exclusion criteria were refractory or tense ascitis, cancer, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, bleeding varices and critical illness. Measurements included ultrasonographically estimated ascitis volume, dry body mass index/BMI , upper arm anthropometrics, hematologic counts and liver function tests. Results: Population (age 48.3 ± 11.3 years, BMI 21.1± 3.5 kg/m², serum albumin 2.5 ± 0.8 g/dL) was mostly in the Child-Pugh C category (77.8%) but clinically stable. During the follow-up period of 22.6 ±3.8 months, additional hospitalizations numbered 1.7 ± 1.0 and more than one quarter succumbed. Admission ascitis volume corresponded to 7.1 ± 3.6 L and dry BMI to 18.3 ± 3.5 kg/m². Child Pugh index was relevant for both mortality and rehospitalization. Nevertheless, similar matches for mortality were documented with ascitis volume and dry BMI, and arm circumference below the 5th percentile was highly significantly associated with rehospitalization. Conclusions: A greater association than hitherto acknowledged, between ascitis volume and anthropometric measurements from one side, and long-term rehospitalization and mortality from the other, was demonstrated in male stable alcoholic cirrhotics. Further studies with alcoholic and other modalities of cirrhosis including women are recommended.

Introducción: Ascitis y desnutrición son complicaciones frecuentes de la cirrosis, pero el volumen ascítico y la evaluación antropométrica no son como rutina documentadas o consideradas para la evaluación del pronóstico. En un coorte homogéneo de pacientes acompañados por dos años estas variables fueron escrutinadas, con el objetivo de determinar su releváncia para los resultados clínicos de largo plazo. Métodos: La población (N = 25, todos hombres con cirrosis alcohólica) fue recrutada entre pacientes hospitalizados por ascitis no complicada. Los critérios de exclusión fueron ascitis tensa o refractária, peritonitis bacteriana espontánea, varices sangrantes y enfermedad crítica. Los métodos involucraron volumen ascítico estimado ultrasonograficamente, el índice seco de masa corporal/IMC seco, antropometria del brazo, recuentos hematológicos y pruebas de función hepática. Resultados: La población (edad 48,3 ± 11,3 años, IMC 21,1 ± 3,5 kg/m², albumina sérica 2,5 ± 0,8 g/dL) encontrabase predominantemente en la categoria Child-Pugh C (77,8%) , pero clinicamente estable. En el período de seguimiente de 22,6 ± 3,8 meses hubo 1,7 ± 1,0 hospitalizaciones adicionales por paciente, y mas de una cuarta parte sucumbió. El volumen ascítico de admisión fue de 7,1 ± 3,6 L y el IMC seco de 18,3 ± 3,5 kg/m². El indice de Child-Pugh fue relevante tanto para mortalidad como para rehospitalización. Asociaciones similares para mortalidad fueron demonstradas para volumen ascítico y para IMC seco, y la circunferencia del brazo abajo del 5º percentil fue un indicador muy significativo para rehospitalización. Conclusiones: Una asociación mas importante que lo hasta ahora publicado ocurrió entre volumen ascítico y antropometria de una parte, y mortalidad asimismo rehospitalización de otra parte, en pacientes masculinos cirróticos alcohólicos estables. Estúdios adicionales con cirrosis alcohólica y de otras modalidades incluyendo mujeres son recomendados.

The rough grind machine operation in metallic material produce a sub product with the followings components such as: metallic residue, small parts come from the resin grinds, diatomaceous earth material (filter material) and soluble oil in water for tools cooling. According [HU1UH] from ABNT, this sub product is toxic, not inert material, aggress the environment with pollution in the currency water and contaminate the ground when incorrectly go to the municipal solid waste. The final destination of this sub product, is the incineration, in the cements company, being the incorporated the sub product to the cement, during your production. With the qualitative result using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), coupled to the dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS), two experiments were made with objective to separate the magnetic material of the non-magnetic material, using a permanent magnet. We conclude that the magnetic material can be used by powder metallurgy process in production of pieces.

Muitos têm-se empenhado em desenvolver métodos e técnicas de análises de solos que forneçam resultados confiáveis e a baixos custos, envolvendo, para isto, a reciclagem de materiais diversos ou o aproveitamento de produtos naturais que, ao contrário dos sintéticos, tendem a ter um baixo custo ambiental. A cera de abelhas atende, pelo menos, ao último destes requisitos. Neste trabalho, pretendeu-se realizar a caracterização física da cera de abelhas e avaliar a possibilidade de sua utilização como revestimento impermeável, em substituição total a parafina, na determinação da densidade do solo. Para determinar a densidade do solo, utilizou-se o método do torrão impermeabilizado. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 6 x 2 x 2, sendo seis tipos de solos, dois revestimentos e dois diâmetros médios de torrões, com três repetições. A cera de abelhas apresentou características físicas semelhantes às da parafina, principalmente no que se refere a ponto de fusão, tempo de solidificação e densidade específica. Os valores obtidos para densidade do solo, utilizando cera de abelhas como revestimento impermeável, não diferiram estatisticamente dos valores obtidos utilizando parafina como revestimento. Desta forma, a parafina pode ser substituída totalmente pela cera de abelhas na impermeabilização de torrões para determinar a densidade do solo, sem prejuízos aos resultados.

Analysis methods and techniques in large numbers which bring forth trustworthy results at low costs have been developed, some of which imply the recycling of diversified materials or the use of natural products. These, opposite to synthetic ones, normally have a low environmental cost. Beeswax fulfills, at least, this last condition. Our study had the aim of characterizing the physical properties of beeswax, and evaluating the possibility of using it as an impermeable covering in the determination of soil bulk density, substituting the paraffin wax used in the clod method. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement of 6 x 2 x 2 (six soils, two coverings, and two clod sizes), in three replicates. The physical characteristics of beeswax were similar to paraffin wax, especially regarding to the fusion point, solidification time and specific density. The values of soil bulk density with either beeswax or paraffin did not differ significantly. Thus, beeswax can substitute paraffin wax completely to seal soil clods in the determination of soil bulk density, without altering the results.

Abstract - The interaction of an Fe-Mn-Al-Si-C alloy with the environment was evaluated. The alloy showed good resistance to air and oxygen oxidation, especially at temperatures of 600 and 700º C for air oxidation and at 600ºC in oxygen atmosphere. Oxidation rates for pure oxygen were lower than those measured for air. Due to autocorrelation identified in the results, it was impossible to employ the usual procedures of Regression Analysis. Kinetic data were then analyzed by the statistical method of Cochrane and Orcutt. A parabolic kinetic behavior was observed for the Fe-Mn-Al-Si-C alloy oxidation process in the air at temperatures of 600, 700 and 800ºC and in an oxygen atmosphere at 900ºC. On the other hand, the TGA results for oxygen oxidation at 600 and 700ºC and for air oxidation at 900ºC adjusted well to the linear kinetic curve. Finally, the cubic kinetic curve was selected to represent the oxidation of the alloy in oxygen at 800ºC.

Em 671 índios puros, de 7 tribus diferentes, não foi verificado o fenômeno de siclisação da hemátia. No agrupamento de índios Carnijó ou fulniô (Aguas Bellas), Estado de Pernambuco, em 166 indivíduos, 3 eram siclêmicos (índice de siclêmicos 1,8%).Este agrupamento é muito micigenado. Estas observações reforçam a utilidade do emprêgo do teste de siclêmia em Antropologia.

Research of sicklemia in 671 putatively full-blooded Brazilian Indians was negative. These Indians belong to seven different tribes. Among 166 individuals of Carnijó or fulniô tribe 3 were sicklemic (sicklemia index 1,8%). This tribe is very micigenated. In the table above these results are summarized: These observations show that sicklemia test is an useful tool in anthropological investigations.

Em operarios pertencentes à Emprêsa Nacional de Contruções Civis e Hidraulicas, os autores administram sais de ferro misturados á alimentos. A um primeiro grupo (88 homens) fornecem sulfato na dose de 0.5g diária por homem, de mistura com farinha de mandióca durante 30 dias. A um segundo grupo (35 homens), depois de um período semelhante, administraram citrato ferrico amoniacal pardo, no dóse de 0.7g por homem, diariamente, de mistura com caldo de feijão, por mais trinta dias. Na tabela abaixo podemos apreciar os resultados: Com a diminuição do número de indivíduos com baixo teor de hemoglobina, no final da prova, as curvas hemogloninicas do segundo grupo tornaram-se visivelmente leptokurticas em relação á cuva normal. Concluindo verifica-se portanto, á administração marcial, nas dóses indicadas uma maior sensibilidade dos indivíduos de teor baixo de hemoglobina do que os indivíduos que possuem uma taxa de hemoglobina próxima da normal.

Iron has been administered mixed with food to workers building a bridge near Rio. In the first group (88 individuals) ferrous sulfate 0.5 gr per day, has been given mixed with mandioca flour, for a 30 days period. In the second group (35 individuals) after a similar period, iron was given for another month in the form of ferric ammonium citrate, brown, 0.7 gr per day dissolved bean soup. The results could be seen in the table below: It has been shown a marked improvement in individuals with hemoglobin content below 10.00 gr per 100 cu. blood. Individuals with hemoglobin slightly below normal are not improved by this treatment. In the dosage above given any health disturbance has been observed in the 123 individuals during, this two months period with iron administration.

Os autores realizaram determinações da taxa de hemoglobin em cerca de 3.000 operários da Fábrica Nacional de Motores. Administrativamente os operários e técnicos da referida Fábrica, estão divididos em diversas categorias de acordo com o salários e a função exercida. Os resultados foram os seguintes: Dentre os resultados, os operários salário mínimo, médio e mensalistas (menos de Cr$ 600,00 mensais), são significativamente diferentes, comparados com a curva normal de hemoglobina (profissões liberais). Além disso, mostraram êsses grupamentos uma alta percentagem de indivíduos com ligeira anemia (hemoglobina abaixo de 10, 00 g) o que se traduz por um desvio padrão elevado. Verificamos finalmente que uma alimentação, constituída de rações perfeitamente balanceadas em calorias, vitaminas e sais minerais, controlada por nutricionista, pelo prazo de um ano, não elevou as taxas de hemoglobina.

Three thousands hemoglobin determinations have been made in the National Motor Plant workers. According to their salaries these workers could be classified in different categories. Correlation between hemoglobin levels and economic status have been studied. As compared to our own observation of hemoglobin levels in normal men of high standards of living the results found have been of a significative difference, as showed in following chart: Workers with low and medium salaries showed a appreciable percentage of individuals slightly anemic (Hemoglobin below 10.00 grs per 100 ml blood) reflected in a higher standard deviation of the curves constructed from these data. It has been verified that food controled by a nutritionist for a period of a year were not able to correct the blood picture in individuals in which the hemoglobin level were below normal.

Benzoato de estradiol aplicado em altas doses a cães tem uma ação essencialmente trombocitopênica e o mecanismo de formação da anemia que se estabelece é semelhante ao observado na anemia da purpura experimental pelo sôro anti-plaqueta. O quadro patológico é, em ambos os casos, resultante desta trombocitopenia aguda.

The paper stresses the similarity between pathological changes produced in dogs by estradiol benzoate and anti-platelet serum. Estradiol benzoate when administered in large doses (0.1 mg per kilo) produces primarily a thrombocytopenia after a short period (4 to 6 days). As a consequence of the lack of platelets in circulation (1/3 to 1/10 from the normal volume), a picture of purpura appears with predominance of intestinal hemorrhages followed by severe anemia (8 to 15 days). When active anti-platelet serum is administered a thrombocytopenia is rapidly obtained (12 to 48 hours). Intestinal purpuric lesions are very conspicuous and hemorrhages with acute anemia are always present. These results show the identity of the mechanism of anemia produced by estradiol benzoate and anti-platelet serum. The pratical value of determinations of occult blood in feces of patients with thrombocytopenic purpura is emphasized, as an aid to diagnosis and observation od crises of the Werlhof's disease.

A anemia que se processa em caes quando se administra grandes doses de benzoato de estradiol, nao parece ser produzida por processes conhecidos de destrui?ao intra-organica. Esta substantia paraliza os fenomenos de rege¬nerate hematica, parece interferir por processo desconhecido na fisiologia sanguinea, produz graves lesoes na rede circulatoria que irriga a mucosa do intestino, principalmente jejuno, ocasipnando nesse orgao «extravasamento variavel de sangue, fator seguramente coadjuvante na formação da anemia.

The characteristic findings in the pathological picture presented by 60 dogs when administered large doses of estradiol benzoate subcutaneously in an oil vehicle are: thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, which follows a brief latent period, intestinal tract haemorrhages, haemorrhagic lesions occurring principally in the mucosa of the jejunum, followed by prostration and death generally within 1 to 3 weeks. Irregular findings are leucocytosis, purpuric skin lesions, visceral haemorrhages and pyoid bone marrow. The total circulating hemoglobin was determined in 9 dogs before and after the anemia was established, thus verifying the total hemoglobin loss. The blood loss through intestinal haemorrhages during the observation period was determined by benzidine test. The quantity of hemoglobin recovered from the feces in the form of hematin varied between 30 and 70% of the total hemoglobin which disappeared from the circulation. In order to ascertain the degree of intra-organic blood destruction the bilirubin eliminated in the urine of dogs with gall-bladder renal type of fis¬tula was determined daily and these values compared with those obtained for normal animals. The blood destruction as measured by this method was practically nil. An attempt was made to determine whether the presence of large quan¬tities of blood in the intestine might exert a paralyzing effect on the regene¬ration of hemoglobin in dogs rendered anemic through haemorrhage. Ne¬gative results were obtained. Estradiol benzoate administered to dogs during the period of hematic regeneration which occurs in the recovery stage of ane-mia produced by acetyl-phenyl hydrazine demonstrated that the estradiol in¬terferes but little when the regenerative processes have already begun. Repeated transfusions given during the stage of acute anemia practi¬cally do not affect the period of survival. The authors conclude that the main action of estradiol benzoate on the blood physiology of dogs is still obscure. The anemia is not produced by the intra-organic destruction of hemoglobin by known processes and doubtless the blood loss through the intestinal haemarrhages constitutes an important ac¬cessory factor in the mechanism of bringing out this anemia.